feat: python

20-24/10error.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# 异常
+
+# 具体的异常捕获
+try:
+    with open("abc.text", "r") as f:
+        data = f.read()
+except FileNotFoundError:
+    print("文件不存在")
+except PermissionError:
+    print("没有权限")
+except OSError:
+    print("系统错误")
+
+# 避免空的except块
+# try:
+#     risky_operation()
+# except SpecificError as e:
+#     logger.error(f"操作失败", e)
+#     # 或者采取其他的操作
+
+# 资源清理
+# with open("abc.txt", "r") as f:
+#     data = f.read()
+#     process_data(data)
+
+
+# 异常日志记录
+import logging
+
+# 配置日志模块
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
+
+
+# 数据库报错
+class DataBaseError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# 校验用户数据是否有效
+class ValidationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# 根据id从数据库中查询数据
+def get_user_from_db(user_id):
+    if user_id == 0:
+        raise DataBaseError("数据库连接失败")
+    return {"user_id": user_id, "user_name": "小明", "age": 20}
+
+
+# 校验拿到的当前用户信息是否合法
+def validate_and_process(user_data):
+    if not user_data["user_name"] or user_data["age"] < 0:
+        raise ValidationError("用户信息无效")
+    user_data["process"] = True
+    return user_data
+
+
+def process_user_data(user_id):
+    try:
+        user_data = get_user_from_db(user_id)
+        result = validate_and_process(user_data)
+        return result
+    except DataBaseError as e:
+        logging.error(f"数据库错误-用户ID:{user_id},错误{e}")
+        raise
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        logging.error(f"用户信息错误，用户ID{user_id},错误{e}")
+        return None
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.critical(f"未知错误，用户ID{user_id},错误{e}")
+        raise
+
+
+# result = process_user_data(0)
+# print(result)
+
+
+# 数据验证
+class DataValidator:
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_email(email):
+        if not isinstance(email, str):
+            raise TypeError("邮箱必须是字符串")
+        if "@" not in email:
+            raise ValueError("无效的邮箱格式")
+        return email.lower()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_age(age):
+        if not isinstance(age, int):
+            raise TypeError("年龄必须是整数")
+        if age < 0 or age > 160:
+            raise ValueError("年龄必须在0~160之间")
+        return age
+
+    def validate_user_data(user_data):
+        error = {}
+        try:
+            user_data["email"] = DataValidator.validate_email(user_data["email"])
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+            error["email"] = str(e)
+
+        try:
+            user_data["age"] = DataValidator.validate_age(user_data["age"])
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+            error["age"] = str(e)
+        if error:
+            raise ValidationError("数据验证失败", error)
+
+
+class ValidationError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message, errors):
+        self.message = message
+        self.errors = errors
+        super().__init__(self.message)
+
+
+# 测试用例
+user_input = {"email": "invalid-email", "age": 200}
+
+try:
+    validate_data = DataValidator.validate_user_data(user_input)
+    print(f"数据验证成功,{validate_data}")
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(f"数据验证失败{e.message}")
+    for field, error in e.errors.items():
+        print(f"{field}:{error}")