# 整型
# 整型int 包括正整数，负整数，和零
# 基本整型定义
positive = 42
negative = -15
zero = 0

print(f"positive{positive},类型{type(positive)}")  # positive42,类型<class 'int'>
print(f"negative{negative},类型{type(negative)}")  # negative-15,类型<class 'int'>
print(f"zero{zero},类型{type(zero)}")  # zero0,类型<class 'int'>


# 支持不同进制的整型表示
# 十进制 (默认)
decimal = 10
print(f"十进制 10: {decimal}")

# 二进制 (以 0b 或 0B 开头)
binary = 0b1010  # 二进制 1010 = 十进制 10
print(f"二进制 0b1010: {binary}")

# 八进制 (以 0o 或 0O 开头)
octal = 0o12  # 八进制 12 = 十进制 10
print(f"八进制 0o12: {octal}")

# 十六进制 (以 0x 或 0X 开头)
hexadecimal = 0xA  # 十六进制 A = 十进制 10
print(f"十六进制 0xA: {hexadecimal}")

# 使用下划线提高可读性 (Python 3.6+)
large_number = 1_000_000
print(f"大数字: {large_number}")

credit_card = 1234_5678_9012_3456
print(f"信用卡号: {credit_card}")

bytes_value = 0b1100_1010_1111_0101
print(f"字节值: {bytes_value}")

# 整型转换
# int()
print(f"int(3.14) = {int(3.14)}")  # 3
print(f"int(-2.99) = {int(-2.99)}")  # -2
print(f"int('100') = {int('100')}")  # 100
print(f"int('1010', 2) = {int('1010', 2)}")  # 二进制字符串转十进制
print(f"int('FF', 16) = {int('FF', 16)}")  # 十六进制字符串转十进制
print(f"int(True)={int(True)}")  # 1
print(f"int(False)={int(False)}")  # 0


# 进制转换函数
number = 10
print(f"\n数字 {number} 的不同进制表示:")
print(f"二进制: {bin(number)}")  # 0b1010
print(f"八进制: {oct(number)}")  # 0o12
print(f"十六进制: {hex(number)}")  # 0xa

# 基本运算符
a, b = 10, 3

print("基本算术运算:")
print(f"{a} + {b} = {a + b}")  # 加法: 13
print(f"{a} - {b} = {a - b}")  # 减法: 7
print(f"{a} * {b} = {a * b}")  # 乘法: 30
print(f"{a} / {b} = {a / b}")  # 除法: 3.333... (返回浮点数)
print(f"{a} // {b} = {a // b}")  # 整除: 3
print(f"{a} % {b} = {a % b}")  # 取余: 1
print(f"{a} ** {b} = {a ** b}")  # 幂运算: 1000
print(f"-{a} = {-a}")  # 取负: -10
print(f"+{a} = {+a}")  # 取正: 10

a, b = 10, 5

print("比较运算:")
print(f"{a} == {b}: {a == b}")  # 等于: False
print(f"{a} != {b}: {a != b}")  # 不等于: True
print(f"{a} > {b}: {a > b}")  # 大于: True
print(f"{a} < {b}: {a < b}")  # 小于: False
print(f"{a} >= {b}: {a >= b}")  # 大于等于: True
print(f"{a} <= {b}: {a <= b}")  # 小于等于: False

# 链式比较
c = 7
print(f"\n链式比较:")
print(f"{b} < {c} < {a}: {b < c < a}")  # True
print(f"{a} > {c} > {b}: {a > c > b}")  # True


import math

numbers = [-5, 0, 5, 10, 15]

print("内置数学函数:")
for num in numbers:
    print(f"abs({num}) = {abs(num)}")  # 绝对值

print(f"\n最大值: {max(1, 5, 2, 8, 3)}")  # 8
print(f"最小值: {min(1, 5, 2, 8, 3)}")  # 1
print(f"求和: {sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])}")  # 15

# 更多数学函数
print(f"\n高级数学函数:")
print(f"2的3次方: {pow(2, 3)}")  # 8
print(f"四舍五入: {round(3.14159, 2)}")  # 3.14
print(f"向上取整: {math.ceil(3.14)}")  # 4
print(f"向下取整: {math.floor(3.14)}")  # 3

n = 3
print(int(n**0.5))